Nano Emerald Green

de Wergifosse B, Dubuisson M, Marchand-Brynaert J, Trouet A, Rees JF. — Coelenterazine: a two-stage antioxidant in lipid micelles. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2004 Feb 1;36(3):278-287. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.11.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15036347/
(This foundational study shows that coelenterazine, the luciferin in many marine bioluminescent organisms, acts as a powerful antioxidant in lipid environments. The research highlights coelenterazine’s dual-stage mechanism: it neutralizes free radicals directly and, upon oxidation, forms coelenteramine—another antioxidant—thus protecting cells from oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. These unique chain-breaking properties make coelenterazine especially valuable for cellular and membrane health.)

Bao D, Sha X, Zhao C, Xie X, Lai Y, Liu L, Fan R, Huang W, Zhang Y, Wu G, Ye D, Li H, Lai C. — Coelenterazine alleviates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the USP14-NCOA4 pathway. Translational Andrology and Urology. 2025 Sep 30;14(9):2606-2621. doi:10.21037/tau-2025-312. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41132357/
(This 2025 clinical study demonstrates that coelenterazine protects kidney tissue in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing ferroptosis, a harmful oxidative stress-triggered cell death pathway. The findings show coelenterazine restores antioxidant balance, reduces lipid peroxidation, and preserves renal function, confirming its anti-inflammatory and multi-organ protective properties for next-generation health and wellness applications.)

Yeh HW, Ai HW. — Development and Applications of Bioluminescent and Chemiluminescent Reporters and Biosensors. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. 2019 Jun 12;12(1):129-150. doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115027. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30786216/
(This authoritative review explores the design and transformative impact of bioluminescent and chemiluminescent biosensors—such as coelenterazine-dependent luciferase reporters—in modern biomedical and analytical applications. Highlighted uses include deep-tissue imaging, noninvasive diagnostics, advanced biosensing, metabolic and inflammation monitoring, and future wellness technologies leveraging luciferase–luciferin systems for cellular and systemic health.)

Roda A, Guardigli M, Michelini E, Mirasoli M. — Bioluminescence in Analytical Chemistry and In Vivo Imaging. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2009;28(3):307-322. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2008.10.006.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165993608002999
(This review details how bioluminescence—relying on coelenterazine as a luciferase substrate—enables highly sensitive, real-time, and noninvasive detection of living biological processes. It highlights applications in analytical chemistry, diagnostics, biosensors, and especially in vivo imaging, where coelenterazine-based systems allow for deep-tissue monitoring of metabolism, gene therapy, stem cell fate, and overall cellular health in live animals. The article establishes coelenterazine’s centrality in next-generation optobiology and wellness monitoring technologies.)

Liu S, Su Y, Lin MZ, Ronald JA. — Brightening up Biology: Advances in Luciferase Systems for in Vivo Imaging. ACS Chemical Biology. 2021 Nov 15;16(12):2707-2718. doi:10.1021/acschembio.1c00549. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8689642/
(This comprehensive review describes recent advances in luciferase-based imaging systems—including those using coelenterazine as a substrate—showing their impact in non-invasive, deep-tissue, and real-time applications for biomedical research and wellness. The paper highlights coelenterazine’s utility for sensitive optical imaging, optogenetics, and assessment of cellular processes, supporting the use of bioluminescent molecules in advanced health monitoring and bioenergetic wellness products.)

Jiang T, Song J, Zhang Y. — Coelenterazine-Type Bioluminescence-Induced Optical Probes for Sensing and Controlling Biological Processes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(6):5074. doi:10.3390/ijms24065074. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5074
(This comprehensive 2023 review examines how coelenterazine-based bioluminescent probes are leveraged to sense calcium ions, track disease biomarkers, guide real-time drug discovery, and control optogenetic activity. The review explains the value of coelenterazine-driven tools for deep-tissue monitoring, regenerative medicine, and advanced noninvasive therapy—directly supporting wellness, cellular health, and bioenergetic monitoring applications.)

Krasitskaya VV, Bashmakova EV, Frank LA. — Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferases as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Research and Biomedical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020 Oct 10;21(20):7465. doi:10.3390/ijms21207465. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33050422/
(This review provides a comprehensive overview of coelenterazine-dependent luciferase systems from marine organisms and highlights their use as highly sensitive, noninvasive tools in biological research and biomedicine. The authors discuss the superior sensitivity, analytical versatility, and broad utility of these systems in real-time imaging, optogenetic control, biosensing, and tracking of living cells—directly supporting their utilization in advanced wellness and cellular monitoring applications.)